GeneralizedUmatrix

Projections are common dimensionality reduction methods, which represent high-dimensional data in a two-dimensional space. However, when restricting the output space to two dimensions, which results in a two dimensional scatter plot (projection) of the data, low dimensional similarities do not represent high dimensional distances coercively [Thrun, 2018] doi:10.1007/978-3-658-20540-9. This could lead to a misleading interpretation of the underlying structures [Thrun, 2018]. By means of the 3D topographic map the generalized Umatrix is able to depict errors of these two-dimensional scatter plots. The package is derived from the book of Thrun, M.C.: "Projection Based Clustering through Self-Organization and Swarm Intelligence" (2018) doi:10.1007/978-3-658-20540-9 and the main algorithm called simplified self-organizing map for dimensionality reduction methods is published in doi:10.1016/j.mex.2020.101093.