hydraulics

Functions for basic hydraulic calculations related to water flow in circular pipes both flowing full (under pressure), and partially full (gravity flow), and trapezoidal open channels. For pressure flow this includes friction loss calculations by solving the Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss, flow or diameter, plotting a Moody diagram, matching a pump characteristic curve to a system curve, and solving for flows in a pipe network using the Hardy-Cross method. The Darcy-Weisbach friction factor is calculated using the Colebrook (or Colebrook-White equation), the basis of the Moody diagram, the original citation being Colebrook (1939) doi:10.1680/ijoti.1939.13150. For gravity flow, the Manning equation is used, again solving for missing parameters. The derivation of and solutions using the Darcy-Weisbach equation and the Manning equation are outlined in many fluid mechanics texts such as Finnemore and Maurer (2024, ISBN:978-1-264-78729-6). Some gradually- and rapidly-varied flow functions are included. For the Manning equation solutions, this package uses modifications of original code from the 'iemisc' package by Irucka Embry.